Work Intensification and Its Effects on Mental Health: The Role of Workplace Curiosity.

Work intensification is a psychosocial risk that has been increasing in recent decades and may have been accentuated after the COVID-19 pandemic. Its effects on health are negative, but they can be moderated by contextual and personal factors. The aim of this study was twofold: to analyze the effect of work intensification on workers' stress, anxiety, and depression and to explore the role of workplace curiosity in these relationships. The study design was cross-sectional, and a total of 766 Spanish workers (58.9% female) with different occupations completed the survey. The results showed that work intensification was associated with the symptomatology of stress, anxiety, and depression, with a medium effect size. Women workers showed higher work intensification, but its association with mental health was equally strong for both genders. Workers with higher levels of the workplace curiosity dimension "stress tolerance" showed less impaired mental health in the presence of work intensification. However, workers with higher levels of the workplace curiosity dimension "deprivation sensitivity" showed more symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression when faced with high work intensification. The results were discussed in terms of their contributions to the field of study of work intensification, the future research they could inspire, and the prevention and intervention measures they could motivate.

Spanish Adaptation of the Intensified Job Demands Scale (IDS).

BACKGROUND: The Intensification of Job Demands Scale (IDS) is a multidimensional instrument designed to capture the phenomenon of work intensification that characterizes modern Western societies. However, in Spain the instrument has not been validated to assess this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the IDS adaptation with a heterogeneous sample of Spanish workers. METHOD: The sample consisted of 722 Spanish workers (57.8% female, 42.2% male) who completed a survey between January and April 2022. RESULTS: A five-factor correlated model, as in the original IDS, had an optimal fit with 15 items, and displayed invariance across gender, level of education, and organizational tenure. Reliability coefficients were all satisfactory, and scale adaptation showed evidence of convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish adaptation of the IDS is a valid, reliable measure for analyzing the phenomenon of work intensification and intensified job demands in Spain.

Nurse profiles in evaluating incivility: even a slight sexism in employment affects the evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Workplace incivility is a serious concern in the healthcare setting worldwide. Addressing how sexism impacts this, may help administrators take action to reduce this problem and to increase safety at work. METHODS: 557 nurses (63% women) read a hospital scene describing an episode of incivility from a nurse leader towards a nurse employee. They then evaluated the situation regarding their awareness, tolerance, and their beliefs toward sexism by completing a self-report questionnaire. FINDINGS: Two distinct nurse profiles emerged: high-sensitivity and medium-sensitivity. Medium-sensitivity nurses were significantly higher in sexism in employment, and differ in their evaluation of workplace incivility from highly sensitive nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of nurses are sensitive to workplace incivility, but those with sexist tendencies in employment are less aware and tolerate uncivil episodes to a greater extent. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Training nurses to be aware of workplace incivility is necessary, especially for those demonstrating sexism.

Spanish Adaptation of the Intensified Job Demands Scale (IDS) / Adaptación Española de la Escala de Demandas Laborales Intensificadas (IDS)

Background: The Intensification of Job Demands Scale (IDS) is a multidimensional instrument designed to capture the phenomenon of work intensification that characterizes modern Western societies. However, in Spain the instrument has not been validated to assess this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the IDS adaptation with a heterogeneous sample of Spanish workers. Method: The sample consisted of 722 Spanish workers (57.8% female, 42.2% male) who completed a survey between January and April 2022. Results: A five-factor correlated model, as in the original IDS, had an optimal fit with 15 items, and displayed invariance across gender, level of education, and organizational tenure. Reliability coefficients were all satisfactory, and scale adaptation showed evidence of convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Conclusions: The Spanish adaptation of the IDS is a valid, reliable measure for analyzing the phenomenon of work intensification and intensified job demands in Spain.(AU)

Antecedentes: La Escala de Intensificación de las Demandas Laborales (IDS) es un instrumento multidimensional diseñado para captar el fenómeno de la intensificación laboral que caracteriza a las sociedades occidentales modernas. Sin embargo, en España, el instrumento no ha sido validado para evaluar este fenómeno. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la IDS para su adaptación a una muestra heterogénea de trabajadores españoles. Método: La muestra estuvo formada por 722 trabajadores españoles (57,8% mujeres) que completaron una batería de cuestionarios entre enero-abril de 2022. Resultados: Un modelo correlacionado de cinco factores, como en la IDS original, tuvo un ajuste óptimo con 15 ítems, y mostró invarianza en género, nivel de estudios y antigüedad dentro de la organización. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad fueron satisfactorios, y la adaptación de la escala mostró evidencias de validez convergente, discriminante e incremental. Conclusiones: La adaptación española de la IDS es una medida válida y fiable para analizar el fenómeno de la intensificación laboral en España.(AU)

Hospital nurses experiencing day-to-day workplace incivility: A diary study on the benefits of daily social support.

AIM: The present study investigated the adverse effects of daily experienced incivility and the positive role of daily social support during the workday in predicting daily emotional exhaustion after work and vitality and positive affect at bedtime. BACKGROUND: Despite the broad knowledge of the impact of experienced incivility in different occupations, little is known about day-to-day nurse incivility, much less in the hospital context. METHOD: After completing a general questionnaire, hospital nurses (n = 96) completed a diary questionnaire twice a day for five consecutive workdays (n = 480 diary observations). The diary design had two levels: 5-day repeated measures (Level 1, day level) nested in persons (Level 2, person level) using an experience-sampling methodology. RESULTS: Multilevel hierarchical analyses showed that incivility during the workday increased emotional exhaustion after work (t = 3.00, p = <0.05) and reduced vitality (t = -2.48, p = 0.05) and positive affect (t = -2.23, p = 0.05) at bedtime. However, daily social support during the workday was a crucial job resource that directly benefited hospital nurses' daily wellbeing (t = 5.19, p = 0.01 vitality; t = 4.89, p = 0.01 positive affect) and buffered the adverse effects of daily workplace incivility (t = -2.33, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The within-person approach of our findings suggests that supportive practices can reduce day-to-day incivility spirals. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers can promote a civility culture within their units using in service training programmes at work.

¿Es la ambición una cuestión de género? Antecedentes de los estudiantes vs. empleados de la ambición sobre el liderazgo / Is ambition a gendered issue? Students' vs employees' antecedents of Ambition about Leadership

El presente estudio bibliométrico tuvo como objetivo conocer y analizar la actividad científica disponible sobre percepción y detección de violencia de género (VG) e identificación como víctimas. Se realizó una búsqueda sin límite temporal en la base de datos Scopus hallando 2.152 documentos. Para reducir el ruido documental de la búsqueda, se cribaron los resultados y se analizaron 974 documentos finales procedentes de 465 fuentes documentales, 160 revistas, 2.758 autores/as, 159 instituciones y 79 países. Los resultados muestran un aumento en la producción en los últimos años, destacando la publicación de artículos originales. Asimismo, predomina la autoría única por país, siendo Estados Unidos el país puntero. Entre los objetivos de los documentos más citados se encuentra la detección de VG por el personal sanitario, la valoración del riesgo de reincidencia mediante la percepción de las víctimas, así como el estudio de percepciones y actitudes de diferentes actores hacia la VG

This bibliometric study seeks to know and analyse the available scientific activity on the perception and detection of gender violence as well as in the identification as victims. An unlimited search was conducted in the Scopus database, finding 2,152 documents. Subsequently, the results were screened by reducing the documentary noise. The results were obtained from 1984-2020 and the final 974 documents were analysed from 465 documentary sources, 160 journals, 2,758 authors, 159 institutions, and 79 countries. The results show an increase in production in recent years, highlighting the publication of original articles. Likewise, the single author-ship per country predominates, being the United States the leading country. The main objectives of the most cited documents are detection of gender violence by healthcare personnel, assessment of the risk of recidivism through the perception of the victims, as well as the study of perceptions and attitudes of different actors towards gender-violence

Daily Beneficial Effects of Work-to-Family Facilitation on Employees' Recovery and General Health: Is More Work Engagement Always Better?

This study of 104 Chilean employees examines the process of WFF-recovery-general health on a daily basis. Drawing on the work-home resources (W-HR) model, we hypothesized that daily work-to-family facilitation and work engagement predict recovery experiences during off-job time in the evening (i.e., detachment from work and relaxation) and subsequent general health at night. Furthermore, we explored whether daily work engagement moderates the relationships between daily work-to-family facilitation and recovery experiences during off-job time in the evening and general health at night. In addition, we expected employees' detachment from work to have a lagged effect on next-day general health at night. Participants completed a survey and a diary booklet over 5 consecutive working days (N = 520 occasions). Multilevel analyses show that, as expected, daily work-to-family facilitation predicted recovery experiences during off-job time in the evening (i.e., detachment from work and relaxation). However, contrary to our expectations, daily work engagement only predicted general health at night. Moreover, as expected, a moderation effect of daily work engagement shows that on days that employees experience low levels of daily work engagement, daily work-to-family facilitation is strongly related to detachment from work and relaxation during off-job time in the evening and to general health at night. Unexpectedly, on days on which employees experienced high levels of daily work engagement, daily work-to-family facilitation was weakly related to these outcomes. Finally, in accordance with our expectations, detachment from work had a lagged effect on next-day general health at night. These findings offer support for the W-HR model and have theoretical and practical implications for research and organizations.

Observers' reactions to workplace incivility in the masculine domain: How does role congruency explain gender bias in future workers?

Based on Role Congruity Theory, we tested the hypothesis of gender bias by examining gender differences in observers' evaluations of the awareness and acceptability of workplace incivility gender-dyad interaction. Three hundred and ninety-six Spanish high school students (55.3% female) read one scenario of overt incivility (publicly humiliates and openly doubts the employee's judgment) or covert (omits and pays little attention) from a leader (female vs. male) toward a subordinate (female vs. male) in engineering. Results indicated gender differences among observers. From the leader actor of incivility, males were more aware and accepted less the incivility when performed by a female leader in a male domain; whereas females were more aware and accepted less incivility than males in all cases. Regarding the subordinate target of incivility, only females were more aware and accepted less incivility, and both males and females were more aware and accepted less covert incivility. Our results reveal practical implications for interventions from a gender perspective.

Estrés y bienestar en profesionales de enfermería intensiva dentro del ámbito de la donación y el trasplante de órganos: una propuesta desde la psicología de la salud ocupacional / Stress and well-being in nursing professionals of intensive care within the organ donation and transplantation field: a proposal from the occupational health psychology

Los profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en unidades de cuidados intensivos y que participan en las actividades relacionadas con la donación y trasplante de órganos están expuestos a un número importante de estresores en su trabajo, lo que favorece la aparición de determinados riesgos psicosociales como son el estrés laboral, el desgaste profesional, el trabajo emocional, el estrés traumático secundario, el estrés moral y el conflicto entre el trabajo y la familia. Además, los nuevos escenarios que se presentan y van consolidando en nuestro país en relación a la donación de órganos, como son la donación en asistolia controlada y no controlada, o los cuidados intensivos orientados a la donación, generan nuevas situaciones y estresores a estos profesionales que aumentan su exposición al riesgo psicosocial en su trabajo. Por todo ello, aquí llevamos a cabo una revisión y propuesta de las demandas específicas y las causas que podrían influir en el desarrollo de estos riesgos entre estos profesionales, así como sus posibles consecuencias. También se proponen una serie de recursos laborales y personales que podrían ser útiles para afrontar las demandas laborales y que satisfacen muchas de las necesidades apuntadas por organismos de referencia en éste ámbito para la prevención y promoción de la salud y bienestar dentro de este colectivo, así como para la mejora del proceso de donación y trasplante de órganos

Nursing professionals who work in intensive care units and participate in activities related to organ donation and transplantation are exposed to a significant number of stressors their work, which favors the appearance of certain psychosocial risks such as work stress, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, moral stress, and the conflict between work and family. In addition, the new scenarios in our country in relation to organ donation, such as uncontrolled and controlled donation after cardiac death, or the intensive cares oriented to organ donation, generate new situations and stressors among these professionals that increase their exposure to psychosocial risks. Therefore, this paper reviews and proposes the specific demands and causes that could influence the development of these risks these professionals, as well as their possible consequences. It also proposes a series of job and personal resources that could be useful to these workers to face these job demands. These proposals meet many of the needs pointed by reference institutions in this field to prevention and promotion of health and well-being in this group of professionals, as well as to improve the process of organ donation and transplantation

Positive benefits of caring on nurses' motivation and well-being: a diary study about the role of emotional regulation abilities at work.

BACKGROUND: Recent research reveals that not all job demands have negative effects on workers' well-being and suggests that the negative or positive effects of specific job demands depend on the occupational sector. Specifically, emotional job demands form the heart of the work for nurses and for this reason they can be interpreted by nurses as a challenge that promotes motivation and well-being among these professionals, especially if personal and job resources become available. OBJECTIVES: The study had two objectives. First, to examine whether daily emotional demands within a nursing work context have a positive effect on nurses' daily motivation at work (vigour) and well-being at home (vitality and positive affect). Second, to explore whether this positive effect could be enhanced by nurses' emotional regulation abilities. DESIGN: This research used a diary design to explore daily experiences and to analyze how variations in specific job or personal characteristics can affect levels of motivation and well-being across days. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-three nurses working in different Spanish hospitals and primary health care centres completed a general questionnaire and a diary booklet over 5 consecutive working days in two different moments, after work and at night (N=53 participants and N=265 observations). RESULTS: In line with our hypotheses, multi-level analyses revealed that, on the one hand, day-level emotional demands at work had a positive effect on vigour at work and on vitality at home. On the other hand, analyses showed that nurses with higher emotional regulation abilities have more motivation at work and well-being at home when they have to face high emotional demands at work, showing a spill over effect after work. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the idea that emotional demands from the nursing profession can act as challenges which promote motivation and well-being, especially if internal emotional resources become available.

El impacto emocional del incivismo laboral y el abuso verbal en el trabajo: influencia de la recuperación diaria / Emotional impact of workplace incivility and verbal abuse at work: Daily recovery protective role

El objetivo fue estudiar la influencia diaria del incivismo laboral y el abuso verbal en el bienestar de los trabajadores, y explorar el papel de la recuperación. Se obtuvieron 1575 registros con una muestra de trabajadores del sector servicios (N = 105). Es un estudio multinivel con diseño de diario, de dos niveles: el nivel 1 (i), día (day-level); y el nivel 2 (j), sujeto (person-level). Se evaluó en dos momentos temporales distintos, general y diario. La medida de diario consistió en la evaluación durante una semana laboral y en distintos momentos del día. Los análisis multinivel con MLwiN mostraron resultados significativos del incivismo laboral y el abuso verbal como predictores del agotamiento emocional, y todos sobre el afecto negativo de la noche. No se encontraron relaciones entre estas variables y el afecto positivo de la noche. La recuperación durante la tarde fue clave en el estado afectivo de la noche. La relajación tuvo un efecto directo sobre el afecto negativo y las actividades enriquecedoras sobre el afecto positivo, además se encontraron efectos de moderación de la desconexión psicológica y la relajación. El diseño del estudio puede proporcionar importantes avances en medidas preventivas de la agresión en el ámbito laboral

The aim was to study daily fluctuations from workplace incivility and verbal abuse in the emotional well-being of employees and examine the daily role of recovery. It was conducted a diary study over five consecutive working days (total of 525 days) with 105 employees. It was evaluated on two different times, general and diary moments. Diary measure was completed in a work week, three times per day, morning, afternoon and night. Multilevel modeling showed significant results for workplace incivility and verbal abuse as predictors of emotional exhaustion, as well as an impact of all these variables on negative affect at night. However, nonsignificant relationships were found for positive affect at night. Recovery from daily work was a key factor predicting affect at night. Relaxation showed main effects on negative affect at night and mastery on positive affect at night. Both psychological detachment and relaxation showed a moderating role. The present diary study of occupational health psychology helps us achieve greater knowledge in this area and contribute on the prevention of aggression in the organizational context

Influencia de los estereotipos de género en la valoración del incivismo laboral / Influence of gender stereotypes in the rating of workplace incivility

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo explorar cómo influyen los estereotipos de género en las valoraciones de jóvenes estudiantes sobre las formas de incivismo laboral. Basándonos en la Teoría del Incivismo Selectivo y la Teoría del Rol Social se exploró la existencia de diferencias de género en la detección y tolerancia hacia diferentes formas de incivismo y la percepción de sus consecuencias. Participaron 800 estudiantes españoles (452 mujeres y 348 varones) en un experimento con diseño factorial entre sujetos donde se manipularon las formas de incivismo, el contexto laboral y el género del participante. Los resultados indicaron que mujeres y varones tuvieron valoraciones diferentes. Las mujeres siempre detectaron incivismo, mientras que los varones sólo cuando fue excluyente en lugar de ofensivo, y ambos toleraron menos el incivismo excluyente. Incluso, las mujeres percibieron que el incivismo excluyente reducía la satisfacción laboral en ingeniería y el bienestar emocional en enfermería, mientras que no hubo efectos significativos en varones. En conclusión, el estudio contribuye aportando desarrollos específicos sobre los estereotipos de género, el incivismo laboral, su incidencia y la sensibilización hacia la problemática.(AU)

The goal was to explore how gender stereotypes influence young students' ratings of the forms of workplace incivility. Drawing from the theory of selective incivility and the social role theory, the existence of gender differences in the detection and tolerance of different forms of incivility and the perception of its consequences were explored. Participants were 800 Spanish high school and professional training students (452 females and 348 males) in a between-subjects factorial design in which forms of incivility, gender dominated work domain, and participants' gender were manipulated. The results indicated that females and males gave different ratings. Females always detected incivility whereas males only detected it when it was exclusive than offensive, and both genders tolerated exclusive incivility to a lesser extent. In fact, females perceived that exclusive incivility reduced job satisfaction in engineering and emotional well-being in nursing, whereas no significant effects were found in males. To conclude, the study contributes specific developments about gender stereotypes, workplace incivility, its incidence, and sensitization towards the problem.(AU)

Influencia de los estereotipos de género en la valoración del incivismo laboral / Influence of gender stereotypes in the rating of workplace incivility

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo explorar cómo influyen los estereotipos de género en las valoraciones de jóvenes estudiantes sobre las formas de incivismo laboral. Basándonos en la Teoría del Incivismo Selectivo y la Teoría del Rol Social se exploró la existencia de diferencias de género en la detección y tolerancia hacia diferentes formas de incivismo y la percepción de sus consecuencias. Participaron 800 estudiantes españoles (452 mujeres y 348 varones) en un experimento con diseño factorial entre sujetos donde se manipularon las formas de incivismo, el contexto laboral y el género del participante. Los resultados indicaron que mujeres y varones tuvieron valoraciones diferentes. Las mujeres siempre detectaron incivismo, mientras que los varones sólo cuando fue excluyente en lugar de ofensivo, y ambos toleraron menos el incivismo excluyente. Incluso, las mujeres percibieron que el incivismo excluyente reducía la satisfacción laboral en ingeniería y el bienestar emocional en enfermería, mientras que no hubo efectos significativos en varones. En conclusión, el estudio contribuye aportando desarrollos específicos sobre los estereotipos de género, el incivismo laboral, su incidencia y la sensibilización hacia la problemática.

The goal was to explore how gender stereotypes influence young students' ratings of the forms of workplace incivility. Drawing from the theory of selective incivility and the social role theory, the existence of gender differences in the detection and tolerance of different forms of incivility and the perception of its consequences were explored. Participants were 800 Spanish high school and professional training students (452 females and 348 males) in a between-subjects factorial design in which forms of incivility, gender dominated work domain, and participants' gender were manipulated. The results indicated that females and males gave different ratings. Females always detected incivility whereas males only detected it when it was exclusive than offensive, and both genders tolerated exclusive incivility to a lesser extent. In fact, females perceived that exclusive incivility reduced job satisfaction in engineering and emotional well-being in nursing, whereas no significant effects were found in males. To conclude, the study contributes specific developments about gender stereotypes, workplace incivility, its incidence, and sensitization towards the problem.

La relación entre interacción familia-trabajo, agotamiento relacionado con el trabajo, distanciamiento y significado de la vida: estudio del bienestar emocional a nivel diario / The relationships between family-work interaction, job-related exhaustion, detachment, and meaning in life: A day-level study of emotional well-being

The aim of this research was to provide an integrative overview of the associations between employees’ daily emotional well-being (positive and negative affect) and family-work interaction, job-related exhaustion, detachment, and meaning in life. Service sector employees in Spain (N = 105) filled out a general measure and daily survey measures over five working days. Results showed that daily family-work conflict, job-related exhaustion and search for meaning in life predicted employees’ negative affect at night; conversely, daily detachment and presence of meaning in life had a negative relation with negative affect at night. In contrast, employees’ family-work facilitation, detachment, and presence of meaning in life predicted positive affect at night. Moreover, detachment moderated the relationship between family-work conflict and negative affect, and between the presence of meaning in life and positive affect. These findings have practical implications for individuals and organizations and suggest possible avenues for future research (AU)

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue proporcionar una visión integradora de las relaciones entre el bienestar diario emocional de los empleados (afecto positivo y negativo) y la interacción entre la familia y el trabajo, el agotamiento relacionado con el trabajo, el distanciamiento y el significado de la vida. Trabajadores del sector de servicios en España (N = 105) completaron un cuestionario general y cuestionarios diarias durante cinco días laborables. Los resultados mostraron que el conflicto familia-trabajo, el agotamiento relacionado con el trabajo y la búsqueda de sentido en la vida predecía a nivel diario el afecto negativo de los empleados por la noche. Por el contrario, el distanciamiento y la presencia de significado en la vida tenían una relación negativa con el afecto negativo por la noche. Por otra parte, la facilitación familia-trabajo, el distanciamiento y la presencia de sentido de la vida predecían el afecto positivo por la noche. Además, el distanciamiento moderaba la relación entre el conflicto familia-trabajo y el afecto negativo y entre la presencia de sentido de la vida y afecto positivo. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones prácticas para los individuos y las organizaciones y sugieren posibles vías de investigación futura (AU)

Salud laboral y bienestar. Incorporación de modelos positivos a la comprensión y prevención de los riesgos psicosociales del trabajo / Occupational health and well-being: incorporation of positive models to the understanding and the prevention of psychosocial risk

Las variables de personalidad positiva del trabajador tienen una función decisiva en el desarrollo de los recursos personales que ayudan a los trabajadores a orientarse a la salud y el bienestar, y al óptimo desarrollo laboral. Desde esta perspectiva, se trata de exponer algunas de las teorías más representativas que intentan ofrecer una aproximación y explicación de los mecanismos implicados e intervinientes. Potencialmente, se pretende explorar y ofrecer un recorrido sobre cómo los aspectos positivos organizacionales y personales pueden tener una vinculación concluyente con la productividad, creatividad, y calidad del trabajo realizado, esto es, con los resultados organizacionales. Desde esta configuración, se va más allá de la clásica línea de prevención de los riesgos laborales y se intenta comprender cuáles son los factores organizacionales, laborales y personales que promueven la salud y el bienestar en las organizaciones, tanto para los trabajadores como para los usuarios del servicio prestado. Por último, se muestran algunos ejemplos que desde estas perspectivas pueden contribuir en la realización de buenas prácticas laborales (AU)

Workers’ positive personality variables have a crucial role in the development of personal resources which help workers to provide guidance to health and well-being, and optimum employment development. From this perspective we have exposed some of the most representative theories that try to offer an approximation and explanation of the mechanisms involved. Potentially, we aim to explore and offer a general view on how organizational and personal strengths may have a conclusive linkage with productivity, creativity, and quality of work, that is, with the organizational results. From this configuration, we go beyond the classic line of occupational risks prevention trying to understand the organizational, work and personal factors that promote health and well-being in organizations, both for workers and the users of the service provided. As a final point, some examples are discussed which can help in the realization of good labour practices (AU)